Turquoise
(14th century)
A pale blue, greenish blue or pale green opaque gemstone, sometimes permeated with brown stains from iron compounds. The sky - blue variety, often referred to as robin's egg, is the form most desired for jewellery.
The name of the gem apparently relates to the fact that it was brought to Europe from the Eastern Mediterranean by Levantine traders, generally known as
Turks. Found in neckwear and bracelets recovered from old Egyptian tombs, it has been valued as an ornament since ancient times. Native American Indians valued it as a protective stone as well as a bestower of goodness and used it extensively to bring rain. It is sacred to the Pueblo Indians of New Mexico, symbolising strength and power. In ancient times it was used to heal eye problems, especially cataracts, and in medieval times it was used as a cure for malaria and heart complaints. It is still considered by many to be a master healer and is said to help in the absorption of nutrients, strengthening the entire
anatomy and stimulating tissue regeneration. It is particularly good for the throat and lungs and, because of its high copper content, is a conductor of healing and good for rheumatism and arthritis. The stone is believed to enhance creative expression, peace of mind, communication, friendship and loyalty. Turquoise is one of the birthstones for December (with lapis lazuli), symbolising prosperity.